CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND SATISFACTION OF QUICK RESPONSE (QR) CODE IN CASUAL DINING RESTAURANTS IN MALAYSIA

Authors

  • AINUL ZAKIAH ABU BAKAR Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
  • PHEBE JELIUS Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v6si1.911

Keywords:

SST, Quick Response code, casual restaurants, dining out, perception, satisfaction

Abstract

This study explores the impact of QR code technology on customer perception and satisfaction in casual dining restaurants in Malaysia. Despite its benefits in menu viewing, ordering, and payment processes, QR codes face negative perceptions due to technological anxiety, security concerns, and lack of personal service. The research aims to: (1) determine customer perceptions towards QR codes, (2) measure satisfaction levels, and (3) investigate socio-demographic differences in QR code adoption. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, data were collected from 379 respondents via social media and communication platforms. Analyses revealed that QR codes are predominantly used during lunch time, and the most selected frequency of dining out was 1-3 times per week. Key predictors of consumer perception and satisfaction include pleasure, personal service, ease of use, and security. Significant differences were found across age, ethnicity, education level, and employment status. These findings provide valuable insights for restaurateurs to enhance QR code adoption and improve self-service technology to meet consumer needs in casual dining settings.

References

[1] Azlan, A.H.M., Ibrahim, S.N., Kamarudin, W.N.B.W., Krisnadi A.R. (2024): What brings you back: Perspectives on how casual restaurant attributes shape Malaysian customers’ revisit intentions. – Global Sustainable Tourism Conference: Charting Paths for Responsible Travel (GLOST) 2024 8p.

[2] Baiomy, A. (2021): What is the most prominent technology challenge in restaurants? An empirical study. – International Tourism and Hospitality Journal 4(2): 1-11.

[3] Chui, M., Manyika, J., Miremadi, M. (2016): Where machines could replace humans-and where they can’t (yet). – McKinsey Quarterly 17p.

[4] Daud, A., Farida, N., Andriyansah, Razak, M. (2018): Impact of customer trust toward loyalty: The mediating role of perceived usefulness and satisfaction. – Journal of Business & Retail Management Research 13(2): 235-242.

[5] Giovanis, A., Assimakopoulos, C., Sarmaniotis, C. (2019): Adoption of mobile self-service retail banking technologies. – International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47(9): 894-914.

[6] De’, R., Pandey, N., Pal, A. (2020): Impact of digital surge during Covid-19 pandemic: A viewpoint on research and practice. – International Journal of Information Management 55: 6p.

[7] Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) (2024): Population Table: Malaysia. – DOSM 5p.

[8] Guo, X., Ling, K.C., Liu, M. (2012): Evaluating factors influencing consumer satisfaction towards online shopping in China. – Asian Social Science 8(13): 40-50.

[9] Hakim, A. (2025): Eat. Lepak. Repeat. Why Malaysians Can’t Live Without Eating Out. – The Rakyat Post Web Portal 9p.

[10] Hyppönen, H., Kaipio, J., Heponiemi, T., Lääveri, T., Aalto, A.M., Vänskä, J., Elovainio, M. (2019): Developing the national usability-focused health information system scale for physicians: Validation study. – Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(5): 24p.

[11] Intal, G.L., Payas, J.D., Fernandez, L.M., Domingo, B.M. (2020): Restaurant information system (RIS) with QR code to improve service operations of casual fine dining restaurant. – In 2020 IEEE 7th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA), IEEE 6p.

[12] Ishak, F.A.C., Che Lah, N.A., Samengon, H., Mohamad, S.F., Bakar, A.Z.A. (2021): The implementation of self-ordering kiosks (SOKS): Investigating the challenges in fast food restaurants. – International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 11(10): 1136-1150.

[13] Johnson, V.L., Woolridge, R.W., Wang, W., Bell, J. R. (2020): The impact of perceived privacy, accuracy and security on the adoption of mobile self-checkout systems. – Journal of Innovation Economics & Management 31(1): 221-247.

[14] Karim, R.M., Abdullah, M.S., Rahman, A.M., Alam, A.M. (2016): Identifying role of perceived quality and satisfaction on the utilization status of the community clinic service; Bangladesh context. – BMC Health Services Research 16: 16p.

[15] Lawrence, A. (2023): Costly to eat out but Malaysians don’t have a choice. – Free Malaysia Today Web Portal 10p.

[16] Lydiatul Shima, A., Ainaa Almardhiyah, A.R., Shahril, M.R., Yeong, Y.L., Yee, C.K., Bibi Nabihah, A.H., Nor Hamizah, S., Raja Affendi, R.A., Hamid Jan, J.M. (2022): Exploring the norms of eating-out practice among adults in Malaysia. – Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 28(1): 031-041.

[17] Liu, Y., Jang, S.S. (2009): Perceptions of Chinese restaurants in the US: What affects customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions? – International Journal of Hospitality Management 28(3): 338-348.

[18] Mazhar, A.F., Salleh, N.A.N., Usman, S.B., Dzia-Uddin, D.N., Kamaruddin, W.N.B.W. (2024): Assessing the customer perception of quick response (QR) code application and their purchase intention in Penang’s casual dining restaurants, Malaysia. – Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences 6(S1): 30-43.

[19] Mendelson, J., Romano Bergstrom, J.C. (2013): Age differences in the knowledge and usage of QR codes. – In International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 6p.

[20] Mohd Zakri, N.A.S., Nawawi, N.N., Mat Ghani, A., Abd Hamid, M., wan Nawawi, W.N., Mohd Isa, S. (2024): The role of QR code applications in enhancing customer satisfaction at restaurants: A conceptual study. – Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, Special Issue (Future Horizons: Challenges and Opportunities in Global Hospitality and Tourism) 8p.

[21] Na, T.K., Lee, S.H., Yang, J.Y. (2021): Moderating effect of gender on the relationship between technology readiness index and consumers’ continuous use intention of self-service restaurant kiosks. – Information 12(280): 13p.

[22] National Restaurant Association (NRA) (2024): Restaurant technology landscape report 2024. – NRA 24p.

[23] Nguyen, M.T., Alang, T. (2024): When do shoppers prefer using QR codes? Empirical evidence from Vietnam. – Future Business Journal 10: 21p.

[24] Nilsson, E., Pers, J., Grubbströ, L. (2021): Self-service technology in casual dining restaurants. – Services Marketing Quarterly 42(1-2): 57-73.

[25] Nysveen, H., Pedersen, P.E., Thorbjørnsen, H. (2005): Intentions to use mobile services: Antecedents and cross-service comparisons. – Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 33(3): 330-346.

[26] Ozkaya, E., Ozkaya, H.E., Roxas, J., Bryant, F., Whitson, D. (2015): Factors affecting consumer usage of QR codes. – Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice 16: 209-224.

[27] Parasuraman, A. (2000): Technology Readiness Index (TRI) a multiple-item scale to measure readiness to embrace new technologies. – Journal of Service Research 2(4): 207-320.

[28] Ramayah, T., Ignatius, J. (2005): Impact of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment on intention to shop online. – ICFAI Journal of Systems Management 3: 36-51.

[29] Ray, K. (2021): The Social Significance of Dining Out: A Study of Continuity and Change. – Contemporary Sociology 50(6): 523-525.

[30] Ryu, J.S., Murdock, K. (2013): Consumer acceptance of mobile marketing communications using the QR code. – Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice 15: 111-124.

[31] Shahid Iqbal, M., Ul Hassan, M., Habibah, U. (2018): Impact of self-service technology (SST) service quality on customer loyalty and behavioral intention: The mediating role of customer satisfaction. – Cogent Business & Management 5(1): 1-23.

[32] Shim, H.S., Han, S.L., Ha, J. (2020): The effects of consumer readiness on the adoption of self-service technology: Moderating effects of consumer traits and situational factors. – Sustainability 13(1): 17p.

[33] Traster, D. (2018): Foundations of menu planning. – Pearson 272p.

[34] Vaportzis, E., Clausen, M.G., Gow, A.J. (2017): Older adults’ perceptions of technology and barriers to interacting with table computers: A focus group study. – Frontiers in Psychology 11p.

[35] Winter, M. (2011): Scan me-everybody's guide to the magical world of qr codes. – Westsong Publishing 142p.

[36] Wu, H.C., Cheng, C.C. (2018): What drives experiential loyalty toward smart restaurants? The case study of KFC in Beijing. – Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management 27(2): 151-177.

[37] Wu, K., Zhao, Y., Zhu, Q., Tan, X., Zheng, H. (2011): A meta-analysis of the impact of trust on technology acceptance model: Investigation of moderating influence of subject and context type. – International Journal of Information Management 31(2011): 572-581.

[38] Xu, X., Chen, P., Wang, J., Feng, J., Zhou, H., Li, X., Zhong, W., Hao, P. (2020): Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission. – Science China Life Sciences 63: 457-460.

[39] Taherdoost, H. (2019): What is the best response scale for survey and questionnaire design; review of different lengths of rating scale/attitude scale/Likert scale. – International Journal of Academic Research in Management 8(1): 1-10.

[40] White, A., Breazeale, M., Collier, J.E. (2012): The effects of perceived fairness on customer responses to retailer SST push policies. – Journal of Retailing 88(2): 250-261.

Downloads

Published

2025-05-31

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND SATISFACTION OF QUICK RESPONSE (QR) CODE IN CASUAL DINING RESTAURANTS IN MALAYSIA. (2025). Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(SI1), 148-163. https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v6si1.911