SELF-EFFICACY, SOCIAL SUPPORT AND MOTIVATION AMONG RECOVERY PERSON IN MALAYSIA’S PRIVATE REHABILITATION CENTERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v6i5.854Keywords:
self-efficacy, social support, motivation to change, recovery, rehabilitation, MalaysiaAbstract
This study examined the relationship between self-efficacy, social support, and motivation to change among individuals in recovery from substance use disorder in private rehabilitation centers in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 130 respondents were recruited from three private rehabilitation centers using purposive sampling methods. Standardized instruments were used to measure key variables including the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) to assess confidence in one’s ability to cope with challenges; the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to measure support from family, friends, and significant others; and the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) to evaluate motivation to change across different stages of recovery. Results from Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between self-efficacy, perceived social support, and motivation to change. Individuals who reported higher levels of self-efficacy and greater support from family and friends demonstrated stronger readiness for change. Further regression analysis showed that family support emerged as the most influential predictor of motivation to change. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of enhancing both self-efficacy and social support, particularly family involvement, in sustaining recovery. These results provide valuable insights for improving rehabilitation programs and tailoring interventions for individuals voluntarily seeking treatment in private rehabilitation centers in Malaysia.
References
[1] Al-Ziadat, M.A. (2024): Do social support and self-efficacy play a significant role in substance use relapse? – Health Psychology Research 12: 10p.
[2] Bandura, A. (2000): Control of human behavior, mental process and consciousness: Essay in honor of the 60th birthday of August Flammer. – In Perrig W.J. & Grob A. (Eds.), Self-efficacy: The Foundation of Agency, Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers 616p.
[3] Bandura, A. (1977): Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. – Psychological Review 84(2): 191-215.
[4] Caspi, J., Lardier Jr, D.T., Barrios, V.R. (2018): The double bind of siblings in adolescent substance abuse treatment. – Journal of Child and Family Studies 27(7): 2232-2244.
[5] Chie, Q., Tam, C., Bonn, G., Dang, H., Khairuddin, R. (2016): Substance Abuse, Relapse, and Treatment Program Evaluation in Malaysia: Perspective of Rehab Patients and Staff Using the Mixed Method Approach. – Frontiers in Psychiatry 7(90): 1-13.
[6] Delshad, M.H., Tavafian, S.S., Kazemnejad, A. (2017): The status of tension exercise behavior among Iranian office workers based on Trans Theoretical Model. – International Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Prevention 2(2): 251-256.
[7] Diclemente, C.C., Corno, C.M., Graydon, M.M., Wiprovnick, A.E., Knoblach, D.J. (2017): Motivational interviewing, enhancement, and brief interventions over the last decade: A review of reviews of efficacy and effectiveness. – Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 31(8): 862-887.
[8] DiClemente, C.C., Schlundt, D., Gemmell, L. (2004): Readiness and Stages of Change in Addiction Treatment. – American Journal on Addictions 13(2): 103-119.
[9] Dobkin, P.L., De Civita, M., Paraherakis, A., Gill, K. (2002): The role of functional social support in treatment retention and outcomes among outpatient adult substance abusers. – Addiction 97(3): 347-356.
[10] Drageset, J. (2021): Social support. – Health Promotion in Health Care-Vital Theories and Research 8p.
[11] Fauziah, I., Arifin, Z., Shahrazad, W.W., Lukman, Z.M., Murni, A.R., Zainah, A.Z., Fatihah, G.S. (2010): Measuring motivational readiness for change among drug addicts in Malaysia: A descriptive analysis. – The Social Sciences 5(5): 429-432.
[12] Feeney, B.C., Collins, N.L. (2015): A New Look at Social Support. – Personality and Social Psychology Review 19(2): 113-147.
[13] Flannery, M. (2017): Self-Determination Theory: Intrinsic Motivation and Behavioral Change. – Oncology Nursing Forum 44(2): 155-156.
[14] Hogue, A., Becker, S.J., Wenzel, K., Henderson, C.E., Bobek, M., Levy, S., Fishman, M. (2021): Family involvement in treatment and recovery for substance use disorders among transition-age youth: Research bedrocks and opportunities. – Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 129: 24p.
[15] Ilgen, M., McKellar, J., Moos, R. (2007): Personal and treatment-related predictors of abstinence self-efficacy. – Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 68(1): 126-132.
[16] Ilgen, M., McKellar, J., Tiet, Q. (2005): Abstinence self-efficacy and abstinence 1 year after substance use disorder treatment. – Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 73(6): 1175-1180.
[17] Islam, M.F., Guerrero, M., Nguyen, R.L., Porcaro, A., Cummings, C., Stevens, E., Kang, A., Jason, L.A. (2023): The Importance of Social Support in Recovery Populations: Toward a Multilevel Understanding. – Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 41(2): 222-236.
[18] Joo, J.H., Bone, L., Forte, J., Kirley, E., Lynch, T., Aboumatar, H. (2022): The benefits and challenges of established peer support programmes for patients, informal caregivers, and healthcare providers. – Family Practice 39(5): 903-912.
[19] Lookatch, S.J., Wimberly, A.S., McKay, J.R. (2019): Effects of social support and 12-step involvement on recovery among people in continuing care for cocaine dependence. – Substance Use & Misuse 54(13): 2144-2155.
[20] Meisler, A.W. (2020): Group treatment of PTSD and comorbid alcohol abuse. – In Group Treatment for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Routledge 19p.
[21] Miller, W., Rollnick, S. (2013): Motivational interviewing third edition: helping people change. – New York: Guilford 482p.
[22] Mohamed, S.M., Hassan, S.S., Abdelmonem, R.M. (2022): Relationship between self-efficacy, social support and treatment motivation among addict patients. – Minia Scientific Nursing Journal 12(1): 106-113.
[23] Müller, A., Znoj, H., Moggi, F. (2019): How Are Self-Efficacy and Motivation Related to Drinking Five Years after Residential Treatment A Longitudinal Multicenter Study. – European Addiction Research 25(5): 213-223.
[24] National Anti-Drugs Agency (NADA) (2025): Infographic: Statistic of Drugs and Substance Abusers and Addicts for Year 2024. – NADA 1p.
[25] Pettersen, H., Landheim, A., Skeie, I., Biong, S., Brodahl, M., Oute, J., Davidson, L. (2019): How social relationships influence substance use disorder recovery: a collaborative narrative study. – Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 13: 8p.
[26] Raihan, N., Cogburn, M. (2023): Stages of change theory. – In StatPearls [Internet], StatPearls Publishing 6p.
[27] Razali, A., Madon, Z., Hassan, M.S. (2021): Women and substance abuse: Examining the factors influencing relapse. – Asian Women 37(3): 51-73.
[28] Razali, A., Pauzi, N., Ravindaran, A., Maraya, L., Shamshudeen, R.I., Razali, N.A., Luqman, M. (2023): Environmental Impact on Relapse and Motivation Recovery Among Drug Addicts. – Journal of Intercultural Communication 23(3): 28-42.
[29] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (2020): Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. – SAMHSA 2p.
[30] Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (2019): Treatment Improvement Protocol Series, No. 35: Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Updated 2019 [Internet] (Rockville, Ed.). – SAMHSA 8p.
[31] Schwarzer, R., Jerusalem, M. (2010): The general self-efficacy scale (GSE). – Anxiety, Stress, and Coping 12(1): 329-345.
[32] Skeen, S., Laurenzi, C.A., Gordon, S.L., Du Toit, S., Tomlinson, M., Dua, T., Fleischmann, A., Kohl, K., Ross, D., Servili, C., Brand, A.S. (2019): Adolescent Mental Health Program Components and Behavior Risk Reduction: A Meta-analysis. – Pediatrics 144(2): 15p.
[33] Valencia, M.L.C., Peters, B. (2025): Mediating role of self-efficacy between motivation to change and quality of life in the relapse cycle. – Journal of Substance Use 9p.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 NURAISYAH FARHANA KHAIROEL ARIFFIN, MOHAMAD SALLEH ABDUL GHANI
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
