KEBERGANTUNGAN TERHADAP BANTUAN PASCABENCANA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP DAYA TAHAN KOMUNITI BANJIR DI SABAH
DEPENDENCE ON POST-DISASTER AID AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR FLOOD RESILIENCE AMONG COMMUNITIES IN SABAH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v7i4.1418Keywords:
hidrologi, banjir, pengurusan bencana, kerentanan sosialAbstract
Bantuan pascabencana merupakan antara mekanisme utama yang digunakan bagi membantu komuniti yang terjejas akibat banjir untuk meneruskan kehidupan dan mempercepatkan proses pemulihan. Walau bagaimanapun, pergantungan yang berlebihan terhadap bantuan luar berpotensi menjejaskan pembentukan daya tahan komuniti dalam jangka panjang. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebergantungan komuniti terhadap bantuan pascabencana serta meneliti kumpulan komuniti yang paling terdedah berdasarkan faktor sosiodemografi dan geografi. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui tinjauan keratan rentas yang melibatkan 311 responden daripada kawasan hotspot banjir di Daerah Beaufort, Kota Belud dan Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, Analisis Komponen Utama (PCA), ujian Mann-Whitney U dan ujian Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat lima faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kebergantungan terhadap bantuan pascabencana iaitu kekangan kewangan dan kesanggupan membiayai perlindungan kendiri (35.08%), literasi risiko yang rendah (13.80%), persepsi bahawa risiko banjir masih terkawal (11.61%), keterbatasan akses kepada mekanisme perlindungan kewangan (6.48%) dan kebergantungan terhadap bantuan luar (5.12%). Analisis lanjut menunjukkan bahawa golongan berpendapatan rendah, berpendidikan rendah, warga emas dan komuniti luar bandar lebih cenderung bergantung kepada bantuan pascabencana berbanding kumpulan lain. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa pembentukan daya tahan komuniti tidak boleh bergantung sepenuhnya kepada bantuan luar sebaliknya memerlukan pengukuhan kapasiti ekonomi, peningkatan literasi risiko dan penambahbaikan akses kepada sumber perlindungan. Dapatan kajian ini penting dalam membantu merangka strategi pengurusan bencana yang lebih mampan dan berorientasikan pembangunan daya tahan komuniti.
Post-disaster assistance is one of the primary mechanisms used to support flood-affected communities in sustaining their livelihoods and accelerating the recovery process. However, excessive dependence on external assistance may potentially undermine the development of community resilience in the long term. Therefore, this study aims to identify the factors influencing community dependence on post-disaster assistance and to examine the community groups that are most vulnerable based on sociodemographic and geographical factors. This study employed a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional survey involving 311 respondents from flood hotspot areas in the districts of Beaufort, Kota Belud, and Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the Mann-Whitney U test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The findings identified five main factors influencing dependence on post-disaster assistance: financial constraints and willingness to finance self-protection (35.08%), low risk literacy (13.80%), perceptions that flood risk remains manageable (11.61%), limited access to financial protection mechanisms (6.48%), and dependence on external assistance (5.12%). Further analysis revealed that low-income groups, individuals with lower educational attainment, older adults, and rural communities were more likely to depend on post-disaster assistance compared with other groups. The study concludes that building community resilience should not rely entirely on external assistance but instead requires strengthening economic capacity, enhancing risk literacy, and improving access to protective resources. These findings are important for informing the development of more sustainable disaster management strategies that are oriented towards strengthening community resilience.
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