LANDSKAP PENERIMAAN PEKERJA AUTISME DI MALAYSIA: CABARAN, FAKTOR PENYUMBANG DAN IMPLIKASI TERHADAP ORGANISASI
THE LANDSCAPE OF AUTISME EMPLOYMENT ACCEPTANCE IN MALAYSIA: CHALLENGES, CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AND ORGANIZATIONAL IMPLICATIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v7i5.1367Keywords:
autisme, neurodiversity, penerimaan pekerja, persepsi majikan, pengurusan sumber manusia, MalaysiaAbstract
Peningkatan bilangan individu autisme yang memasuki alam dewasa telah meningkatkan keperluan terhadap peluang pekerjaan yang lebih sistematik dan mampan. Walaupun pelbagai dasar kerajaan dan inisiatif organisasi telah diperkenalkan bagi meningkatkan penyertaan Orang Kurang Upaya (OKU) dalam pasaran pekerjaan, kadar penyertaan individu autisme masih rendah berbanding populasi umum. Artikel ini bertujuan meneliti landskap penerimaan pekerja autisme di Malaysia dengan memfokuskan kepada cabaran, faktor penyumbang dan implikasi terhadap organisasi berdasarkan sorotan literatur semasa. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan sorotan literatur naratif dengan mensintesis artikel daripada pangkalan data Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink dan Google Scholar yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2019 hingga 2025. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa penerimaan pekerja autisme dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara faktor individu, organisasi dan dasar, termasuk persepsi majikan, budaya organisasi, penyesuaian tempat kerja, latihan kesedaran autisme dan sistem sokongan pekerjaan. Selain itu, pendekatan neurodiversiti didapati berpotensi meningkatkan peluang pekerjaan, pengekalan pekerja serta produktiviti organisasi melalui pengurusan sumber manusia yang lebih responsif terhadap kepelbagaian neurologi. Artikel ini mencadangkan agar dasar pekerjaan dan amalan organisasi diperkukuh secara bersepadu bagi mewujudkan ekosistem pekerjaan yang lebih menyokong penyertaan individu autisme di Malaysia.
The increasing number of autistic individuals reaching adulthood has intensified the need for more systematic and sustainable employment opportunities. Although various government policies and organizational initiatives have been introduced to enhance the participation of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in the labour market, the employment participation rate of autistic individuals remains relatively low compared to the general population. This article aims to examine the landscape of autism employment acceptance in Malaysia by focusing on the challenges, contributing factors, and organizational implications through a review of current literature. The study adopts a narrative literature review approach by synthesizing articles retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar published between 2019 and 2025. The findings indicate that the acceptance of autistic employees is influenced by the interaction of individual, organizational, and policy-related factors, including employer perceptions, organizational culture, workplace accommodations, autism awareness training, and employment support systems. Furthermore, the neurodiversity approach has the potential to enhance employment opportunities, employee retention, and organizational productivity through human resource management practices that are more responsive to neurological diversity. This article recommends strengthening employment policies and organizational practices through an integrated approach to establish a more supportive employment ecosystem for autistic individuals in Malaysia.
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