VALIDATION OF THE ANTICIPATORY THINKING SKILLS MEASUREMENT MODEL AMONG MALAYSIAN STUDENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v7i4.1301Keywords:
anticipatory thinking, future-oriented cognition, secondary school students, structural equation modeling, questionnaire developmentAbstract
This study aims to validate the Anticipatory Thinking Skills (ATS) measurement model among Malaysian secondary school students. In an increasingly volatile and complex world, education systems must prepare learners to anticipate and adapt to future challenges. The significance of this research lies in providing a culturally validated, psychometrically sound tool to assess future-oriented cognition among adolescents in Southeast Asia. To validate the model, a quantitative correlational research process was utilized, involving a sample of 320 secondary school students in Malaysia. Data were collected using a 64-item Anticipatory Thinking Skills questionnaire and analyzed via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The overall findings indicate that after iterative refinement by removing underperforming items, the final 34-item, seven-dimension model demonstrated excellent structural validity and good fit indices (CFI = 0.902, RMSEA = 0.049, χ²/df = 1.780). In conclusion, the validated ATS measurement model serves as a reliable tool for assessing multidimensional anticipatory competencies, offering critical implications for educators and policymakers seeking to integrate future-oriented cognitive skills into the curriculum and objectively evaluate educational interventions.
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Copyright (c) 2026 WIRAWANI KAMARULZAMAN, AISHAH HANIM ABD KARIM, NIK AHMAD HISHAM ISMAIL, ZULFIKAR AHMAD, NAZARIAH SHAR'IE JANON, SZARIANNIE SULAIMAN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
