RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FACILITATORS’ LEADERSHIP STYLES AND PARTICIPANTS’ STRESS AT UITM SEREMBAN 3 FINAL CAMPUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v7i3.1214Keywords:
leadership style, stress levels, outdoor recreation, final camp, facilitatorsAbstract
Leadership plays an important role in shaping participants' experiences and psychological well-being in outdoor recreational programmes. This study aimed to examine the level of facilitators' leadership effectiveness, the level of participants' stress, and the relationship between facilitators' leadership effectiveness and participants' stress levels during the Final Camp at Seremban 3 Campus. A quantitative research design was employed, involving 109 participants of the Final Camp. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire measuring facilitators' leadership effectiveness and participants' stress levels. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were conducted using Jamovi software. The findings revealed that facilitators demonstrated a high level of leadership effectiveness, while participants experienced low to moderate levels of stress during the camp. Pearson's correlation analysis showed a weak and non-significant relationship between facilitators' leadership effectiveness and participants' stress levels. Regression analysis further indicated that facilitators' leadership effectiveness did not significantly predict participants' stress levels. In conclusion, although facilitators were perceived as effective leaders, leadership effectiveness alone did not significantly influence participants' stress levels during the Final Camp. The findings suggest that stress in outdoor recreational programmes is influenced by multiple factors beyond leadership effectiveness. This study provides useful insights for facilitators and programme organizers in enhancing leadership practices and stress management strategies in outdoor camp settings.
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Copyright (c) 2026 NUR AINAA SYAHIRAH AHMAD NASIRUDDIN, MUHAMMAD WAFI A RAHMAN, MOHAMAD FIRDAUS AHMAD, NUR SYAZWANI ZULAIKHA SAFWAN, NUR HANI SYAZWANI BAKRI, MAI DHANIAH MEOR AB RAHIM, NIK JAZWIRI JOHANNIS, OMAR FIRDAUS MOHD SAID
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